


Present State / Desired State Example
•In a war a number of
aircraft were shot down while engaging in
bombing missions. Many of the planes that made it
back to base were riddled with bullet holes.
The damaged areas were similar on each plane.
•The instruction that was given to solve the perceived problem was:
•“Reinforce these damaged areas with thicker armor plating.”
Remember: A problem is a difference between things as desired and
things as perceived.
Folger &
LeBlanc